Currently global available CoVid-19 vaccines:
Russia: Sputnik V (no final effectivity available for mutations)
USA: Moderna, Johson & Johnson, BT/Pfitzer (BT/P probably effective against mutations from UK, S-Africa & Brazil)
Germany: BionTech (also effective against mutations from UK, Brazil, South-Africa)
UK / Sweden: AstraZeneca (probably effective against mutations from UK)
China: Sinopharm, Sinovac and CanSinoBIO (no final effectivity available for mutations)
India: vaccines still in admission process (Notes: India has the largest vaccine manufacturing company in Asia)
3 vaccines from China are urging global use
Wednesday February 3, 2021
/ picture alliance, NurPhoto, Artur Widak
Berlin - With Sinopharm, Sinovac and CanSinoBIO, 3 Chinese manufacturers have largely completed the clinical tests for their vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. 2 have already introduced their vaccine in several countries, the third is expected to follow soon. There are different statements about the protective effect of the vaccines, since the results of the phase 3 studies have not yet been published.
On December 30th, the vaccine developed by Sinopharm together with the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products and the Wuhan Institute of Virology received approval in China. It had previously been approved in the United Arab Emirates on December 9 and in Bahrain on December 12.
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The vaccine, called Vero, consists of the wild type of SARS-CoV-2, which is propagated in Vero cells and then chemically inactivated. It is therefore a conventional vaccine that has been used for decades against diphtheria, hepatitis B, polio, whooping cough and tetanus.
The results of the phase 1/2 study were published in October in Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020; DOI: 10.1016 / S1473-3099 (20) 30831-8). The vaccine achieved a robust immune response there. Antibodies were already detectable 4 days after the 1st of 2 vaccinations. After 42 days, all participants had seroconverted.
According to the manufacturer, the vaccine was tested in a phase 3 study in allegedly 125 countries (“nationalities”) on 60,000 people (the study is only registered in China and is not listed on clinicaltrials.gov). This study now appears to have been completed. The manufacturer states the effectiveness in its press release on January 2nd on the occasion of the approval in China with 86%. The seroconversion rate for neutralizing antibodies is said to have been 99%. Moderate and severe cases of COVID-19 are said to have been avoided 100%.
The differences between the individual countries - the United Arab Emirates reported an effectiveness of 86%, in China it is said to have been 79% - the manufacturer attributes to the different criteria in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the individual countries.
On January 15, the manufacturer announced that 10 million people had already been vaccinated in China, including 1 million people in Beijing and 602,000 in Shanghai. The previous production is given with almost 100 million cans. According to press reports on January 29, Hungary ordered five million doses of the vaccine, which is not approved in the EU, from Sinopharm. Serbia became the first European country to approve the vaccine in mid-January. The ambassador recently symbolically handed over the first million cans.
Sinopharm has applied for Vero to be approved by the World Health Organization (WHO). The dossier arrived there at the end of December. The WHO is currently studying the data. A decision is expected in March at the earliest.
The second Chinese manufacturer, Sinovac, also has a vaccine, CoronaVac, made from inactivated pathogens in clinical development. In November, the results of the phase 1/2 study were published in Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020; DOI: 0.1016 / S1473-3099 (20) 30843-4). Thereafter, after vaccination, seroconversion occurred in 97%. The titer (GMT) of the neutralizing antibodies remained below expectations with 23.8 to 65.4 in the different dosage regimens. The same method found GMTs of 163.7 in the serum of convalescent patients.
However, Sinovac was convinced that the vaccine would be effective enough. Phase 3 studies have started in Turkey, Chile and Brazil. In Brazil, tests were temporarily suspended in November due to incidents. However, the incidents were not related to the vaccine, according to a press release from Sinovac. The study continued thereafter.
Different figures on the effectiveness of the phase 3 study were reported from the individual countries, the results of which have not yet been published. According to research by Reuters, the vaccine was 91.25% effective in Turkey. A vaccine effectiveness of 65% was reported from Indonesia. In Brazil, the effectiveness is said to have been only 50.4%. The different groups of participants are given as reasons for the differing results.
In Brazil, the study was only carried out on health care workers, while in Turkey and Chile people from the general population took part in addition to medical workers. In Indonesia, participation was limited to the latter. According to the manufacturer, the perception of symptoms that prompt a doctor's visit and thus a diagnosis could differ in the groups. This could affect the determined protective effect.
source: https://www.aerzteblatt.de/nac…en-auf-weltweiten-Einsatz
